CUCET

M.A. ENGLISH, 2019

PART-A

Q.1) Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following sentence Communication and interpersonal skills are…………. important in their own ways.

[1] each

[2] both

[3] all

[4] either

Answer: both

Q.2) Which of the options given below best completes the following sentence? She will feel much better if she……….

[1] will get some rest

[2] gets some rest

[3] will be getting some rest

[4] is getting some rest

Answer: gets some rest

Q.3) In many parts of Japan, most houses are built with…………. wood.

[1] No article

[2] a

[3] an

[4] the

Answer: the

Q.4) In our country agriculture must ………..pace with Industrial development.

[1] take

[2] make

[3] loose

[4] keep

Answer: keep

Q.5) Select the most suitable Synonym for the word ‘ABDUCT’.

[1] Ransack

[2] Surround

[3] Destroy

[4]Kidnap

Answer: Kidnap

Q.6) Select the most suitable Synonym for the word ‘ABSCOND’.

[1] Run away

[2] Give away

[3] Move away

[4] Forbid

Answer: Run away

Q.7) Select the most suitable Antonym for the word ‘PASSIVE’.

[1] Assertive

[2] Bright

[3] Chirpy

[4] Higher

Answer: Assertive

Q.8) Select the most suitable Antonym for the word ‘BATTERY’.

[1] Slimy

[2] Individual

[3] Dense

[4] Clean

Q.9) Select the pair which shows the same relationship as COMPUTER: RAM.

[1]Book: Page

[2]Cloud:Rain

[3]Table:Tablecloth

[4]Sky:Blue

Answer: Book: Page

Q.10) Choose the appropriate set of words that makes the sentence most meaningful: The ……. successfully repelled every ……. on the city.

[1] defenders, comment

[2]citizens, onslaught

[3] thieves, robbery

[4] judge, criticism

Answer: citizens, onslaught

Q.11) The speeds of three motor bikes are in the ratio 6:5:4 . The ratio between the time taken by them to travel the same distance is:

[1] 10:12:15

[2] 12:10: 8

[3] 15:12:10

[4] 10:15:12

Answer: 10:12:15

Given, the speeds of three motor bikes are in the ratio= 6 : 5 : 4

The ratio between the time taken by them to travel the same distance

= 1/6 : 1/5 : 1/4

= 1/6 x 60 : 1/5 x 60 : 1/4 x 60

= 10 : 12 : 15

Q.12)Introducing Asha to guests, Bhaskar said, “Her father is the only son of my father.” How is Asha related to Bhaskar?

[1] Daughter

[2] Mother

[3] Niece

[4] Sister

Answer: Daughter

Q.13) In the series 5, 10, 20, 40, …….. what will be the 10th term?

[1] 1280

[2] 2560

[3] 1820

[4] 2650

Answer: 2560

Here, a= first term= 5

= 10/5 = 10/10= ……= 2

= (5) (2) ¹⁰-¹

= (5) (2) ⁹

= (5) (2) ⁴ (2) ⁵

= 5 x 16 x 32

= 25600

Q.14)If the digit 12 of a clock is pointing towards East, then in which direction will digit 9 point?

[1] South

[2] West

[3] North

[4] North East

Answer: North

Q.15) Which of the numbers given below is NOT a square number?

[1] 1225

[2] 2025

[3] 2225

[4] 4225

Answer: 2225

Checking option

(A) 1225= 5² x 7² = (35) ²

(B) 2025= 5² x 9² = (45) ²

(C) 2225= 5² x 89

(D) 4225= 5² x 13² = (65) ²

Hence, 2225 is not a square number.

Q.16) In a simultaneous throw of two dice, what is the probability of getting a total 10 or 11

[1] 1/12

[2] 5/36

[3] 1/9

[4] 1/18

Answer: 5/36

Hence, n(s) = 6 x 6 = 36

Let E = Event of getting a total of 10 or 11

= (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5)

Then, n(5) = 5

P(E)= n(E)/n(S) = 5/36

Q.17) Select the odd one out:

[1] RAM

[2] Flash Memory

[3] Hard Disc

[4] Floppy

Answer: RAM

Q.18) Which is the largest organ in human beings?

[1] Large Intestine

[2] Skin

[3] Small Intestine

[4] Liver

Answer: Skin – A human body is mainly composed of 75 to 80 organs, which are collectively called the organ system. These systems function to keep us alive.

An organ can be simply defined as a self-contained group of tissues, which performs a specific function in the body.

The organs are mainly composed of millions of tissues and billions of cells, which remain to unite and work together to carry out a particular function. The different types of organs in the human body are- skin, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, stomach, brain, etc.

Based on the weight and the length of the body organ, they are classified as the longest organs in the human body. These organs can be easily seen and are involved in multiple functions. The ten largest organs in the body are skin, liver, brain, lungs, heart, kidney, spleen, pancreas, thyroid and joints.

Skin is the external largest organ of the human body. It is a vital organ with a fleshy surface covered with hair, nerves, glands and nails. It covers your whole body and acts as a barrier between outside and inside environment.

Human skin is approximately two millimeters in thickness, weighs around 10895.10 grams, which makes up about 16 per cent of the overall body mass. Overall, the skin acquires an area of 20 square feet on our body surface.

Q.19) Madness: Brain:: Paralysis: …….?

[1] Arm

[2] Face

[3] Body

[4] Nerves

Answer: Nerves

Q.20) “A Thing of Beauty is a Joy Forever” is a poem by?

[1] William Shakespeare

[2] J.K. Rowling

[3] John Keats

[4] George Eliot

Answer: John Keats

Q.21) Reena is twice as old as Meeta was two years ago. If difference between their age be 2 years, how old is Reena today?

[1] 6 years

[2] 8 years

[3] 10 years

[4] 12 years

Answer: 6 years

Let 2 years ago age of Meeta is x years.

Then, age of Reena is 2x years

>Meeta’s present age = x+2 years

and Reena’s present age = 2x+2 years

According to question,

2x+2 – (x+2) = 2

>x=2

Hence, Reena’s present age = 2x+2

= 2 x 2 + 2

= 6 years

Q.22) In an examination, 42% students failed in Hindi and 52% failed in English. If 17% failed in both the subjects, the percentage of those who passed in both the subjects is:

[1] 23%

[2] 27%

[3] 34%

[4] 40%

Answer: 23%

Let A and B the sets of students who failed in Hindi and English respectively.

Then, n(A) = 42 , n(B) = 52, n (A ∩ B)=17

So, n(A ∪ B)= n(A) + n(B) -n(A ∩ B)

= 42 +52 – 17

= 94 – 17

= 77

⇒ Percentage failed in Hindi or English or both = 77%

Hence, percentage passed = 100 – 77 =23% in both the subject.

Q.23) 10 women can complete a work in 7 days and 10 children take 14 days to complete the work. How many days will 5 women and 10 children take to complete the work?

[1] 3

[2] 5

[3] 7

[4] 9

Answer: 7

Q.24) Which apparatus is used to measure the purity of milk?

[1] Luxometer

[2] Calorimeter

[3] Anemometer

[4] Lactometer

Answer: Lactometer is a small glass instrument that is used to test the purity of the milk. It works on the principle of specific gravity of milk (Archimedes Principle). It measures the relative density of milk with respect to water. If the specific gravity of a sample of milk is within the approved ranges, the milk is pure. If it is not, then there is some adulteration.

Q.25)When is Hindi Diwas observed?

[1]14th September

[2] 14th February

[3] 14th June

[4] 14th December

Answer: 14th September – Hindi Day is celebrated in India to commemorate the date 14 September, 1949 on which a compromise was reached during the drafting of the Constitution of India on the languages that were to have official status in the Republic of India. The compromise, usually called the Munshi-Ayyangar formula, after drafting committee members K. M. Munshi and N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, was voted by the Constituent Assembly of India after three years of debate between two opposing camps. The Hindi protagonists wanted Hindi to be the sole “national language” of India; the delegates from South India preferred English to have a place in the Constitution. The Munshi-Ayyangar formula declared (i) Hindi to be the “official language” of India’s federal government; (ii) English to be an associate official language for 15 years during which Hindi’s formal lexicon would be developed; and (iii) the international form of the Hindu-Arabic numerals to be the official numerals. The compromise resolution became articles 343-351 of India’s constitution, which went into effect on 26 January, 1950. In 1965, when the 15 years were up, the Government of India announced that English would continue to be the “de facto formal language of India.”

PART-B

Q.26) Which of the following involve the dramatic portrayal of personified qualities and values?

[1] Mystery plays

[2] Miracle plays

[3] Morality plays

[4] Interludes

Answer: Morality play, also called morality, an allegorical drama popular in Europe especially during the 15th and 16th centuries, in which the characters personify moral qualities (such as charity or vice) or abstractions (as death or youth) and in which moral lessons are taught.

Together with the mystery play and the miracle play, the morality play is one of the three main types of vernacular drama produced during the Middle Ages. The action of the morality play centres on a hero, such as Mankind, whose inherent weaknesses are assaulted by such personified diabolic forces as the Seven Deadly Sins but who may choose redemption and enlist the aid of such figures as the Four Daughters of God (Mercy, Justice, Temperance, and Truth).

Q.27) Expressions like “battle-sweat” (for blood) and “whale-road” (for sea) are examples of which literary technique popular in Old English literature?

[1] Alliteration

[2] Kenning

[3] Symbolism

[4] Litote

Answer: Kenning – A kenning is made up of two words, the base word, and the determinant. The first is the stand-in for the referent or the thing to which the entire word refers. It has something metaphorically similar to the referent. There is a connection between them; whether it is obvious or not, the reader is up for interpretation. The second part, the determinant, changes the meaning of the base word. For example, “battle-sweat” means obi “blood,” and “flame-farewelled” means “death.” Here are a few more examples that are taken from Old Norse and Old English pieces of writing:

• Mind’s worth: honour

• Bait-gallows: hook.

• Whale-road: the sea

• Valley-trout: serpent

• Wave-swine: ship

• Sea-steed: ship

• Heaven-candle: sun

• Blood-worm: sword

•Blood-embler: axe

• Spear-din: battle

Q.28) Which of the following Middle English texts is not a dream allegory?

[1] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

[2] Piers Plowman

[3] The Book of the Duchess

[4] Pearl

Answer: The Book of the Duchess

Q.29) Which of the following poems was written by Christopher Marlowe?

[1] Venus and Adonis

[2] A Lover’s Complaint

[3] The Shepherd’s Calendar

[4] Hero and Leander

Answer: Hero and Leander – Writer, dramatist and poet, Christopher Marlowe was born in 1564 and was considered to be one of the premier writers of his day, greatly influencing his better known compatriot, William Shakespeare. His life was short and ended violently but he is deemed one of the most influential figures in English literary history.

It’s thought that Marlowe wrote his first play Dido, Queen of Carthage around 1587. This was quickly followed by Tamburlaine the Great, an epic tale in two parts that follows the rise of the hero from a simple shepherd to a powerful king. It was a big change from the turgid prose of previous poets and writers of the era, with a more vivid literary sense and plots of greater complexity.

Perhaps his two most famous works were The Jew of Malta that was first performed in 1592 and Doctor Faustus. Part of the success of Marlowe’s plays was the actor Edward Alleyn who was very popular at the time. Marlowe’s poetical works included Hero and Leander in 1598 and The Passionate Shepherd of His Love.

Q.30) Who was the first English poet to introduce the division of quatrains in a sonnet?

[1] Thomas Wyatt

[2] Henry Howard

[3] Shakespeare

[4] Philip Sidney

Answer: Thomas Wyatt

Q.31) With which author is the prose style “Euphuism” associated?

[1] John Lyly

[2] Edmund Spenser

[3] Francis Bacon

[4] Philip Sidney

Answer: John Lyly – Euphuism, an elegant Elizabethan literary style marked by excessive use of balance, antithesis, and alliteration and by frequent use of similes drawn from mythology and nature. The word is also used to denote artificial elegance. It was derived from the name of a character in the prose romances Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit (1578) and Euphues and his England (1580) by the English author John Lyly. Although the style soon fell out of fashion, it played an important role in the development of English prose. It appeared at a time of experimentation with prose styles, and it offered prose that was lighter and more fanciful than previous writing. The influence of euphuism can be seen in the works of such writers as Robert Greene and William Shakespeare, both of whom imitated the style in some works and parodied it in others.

Q.32) Which of the following plays does not feature the appearance of a ghost?

[1] Macbeth

[2]Hamlet

[3] King Lear

[4] Julius Caesar

Answer: King Lear

Q.33) In which of his plays does Shakespeare use mistaken identity involving twins as the central plot device?

[1] As You Like It

[2] The Comedy of Errors

[3] A Midsummer Night’s Dream

[4] Much Ado About Nothing

Answer: The Comedy of Errors – The ploy of mistaken identity is the main device behind the plot of the two Shakespearean comedies “Comedy of Errors” and “Twelfth Night”. Both plays deal with twin characters whose identity is mistaken by one or more of the characters in the play. Shakespeare obviously used the Plautine comedies as a source in his writings of both comedies. Furthermore, we can also account that he used his early comedy “Comedy of Errors” as a source for “Twelfth Night”, because of the use of the twins and the mistaken identity in the plot. Although the major difference is that the twins in “Twelfth Night” are not completely identical since they are a boy and a girl. With this he takes the basic concept deeper than he has before, since a twin girl is not likely to be mistaken for her twin brother. This only happens because she has chosen to disguise herself into a man. Anyhow, identical twins or not, their resemblance is also used as a device in the plot, just as in “Comedy of Errors”.

Q.34) Which of the following is an allegorical poem celebrating the Tudor dynasty?

[1] Prothalamion

[2] The Woman in the Moon

[3] The Faerie Queene

[4] Amoretti

Answer: The Faerie Queene – Edmund Spenser is considered one of the preeminent poets of the English language. He was born into the family of an obscure cloth maker named John Spenser, who belonged to the Merchant Taylors’ Company and was married to a woman named Elizabeth, about whom nothing is known. Since parish records for the area of London where the poet grew up were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, his birth date is uncertain, though the dates of his schooling and a remark in one of his sonnets (Amoretti 60) lend credence to the date traditionally assigned, which is around 1552. Spenser’s reinvention of classical pastoral, The Shepheardes Calendar, was admired by Sir Philip Sidney as a major contribution to the development of English literature and national culture. His epic poem, The Faerie Queene, was written in honour of Queen Elizabeth I and in celebration of the Tudor dynasty. Along with Sidney, Spenser set out to create a body of work that could parallel the great works of European poets such as Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio and extend the line of English literary culture began by Chaucer. Among Spenser’s many contributions to English literature, he is the originator and namesake of the Spenserian stanza and the Spenserian sonnet.

Q.35) Which of Shakespeare’s characters is described as “a goodly apple rotten at the heart”?

[1] Malvolio

[2] Lago

[3] Claudius

[4] Shylock

Answer: Shylock

Q.36) Which figure of speech does Shakespeare use in the expression “to take arms against a sea of troubles”?

[1] Transferred Epithet

[2] Mixed Metaphor

[3] Antithesis

[4] Hyperbole

Answer: Mixed Metaphor

Q.37) Which classical playwright was a major influence on the popular revenge tragedies of the late 16th and early 17th centuries?

[1] Euripides

[2] Aristophanes

[3] Seneca

[4] Sophocles

Answer: Seneca

Q.38) The plays of which classical dramatist are the source of the concept of Oedipal complex?

[1] Sophocles

[2] Aeschylus

[3] Terence

[4] Plautus

Answer: Sophocles

Q.39) According to Aristotle, what is the soul of tragedy?

[1] Action

[2] Character

[3] Spectacle

[4] Plot

Answer: Plot – Aristotle has enumerated six constituent parts of tragedy-Plot, Character, Thought, Diction, Song and Spectacle. The most important of these, is the Plot. The structure of the incidents, the arrangements of things done-that exactly, is what he means by Plot. 20 Aristotle has subordinated character to plot, because SUS he conceives of tragedy as an imitation, not of men, but of an action and of life, as life, consists in action. According to Aristotle, the plot is the underlying principle of a tragedy, as it were; the very soul of it, Plot gives meaning, vigour and vitality to the play.

While defining tragedy, Aristotle says ‘Tragedy is an imitation of some action that is serious complete and of a certain magnitude. By serious action Aristotle means a tale of suffering exciting pity and fear. So in a Tragedy the plot should depict a hero passing from happiness to misery and not the other way round. A tragedy with happy ending or flippant action will not arouse the emotions of pity and fear which is according to Aristotle, the specific function of Tragedy. In the words of Aristotle our pity is excited by the misfortunes undeservedly suffered and our fear by some resemblance between the sufferer and ourselves.

Q.40) Which of the following is a revenge tragedy?

[1] Epicaene, or The Silent Woman

[2]The Duchessof Malfi

[3] A Woman Killed with Kindness

[4] The Dutch Courtesan

Answer: “The Duchess of Malfi” by John Webster is a kind of Revenge Tragedy modeled on Seneca, the Latin playwright of 1st century A.D. This play is considered as one of the best plays of Webster and as a Revenge Tragedy, it is considered as the best tragedy after Shakespeare’s containing almost all the characteristics of Revenge Tragedy. This play contains the depth of extreme violence, plotting and mostly revenge on the best part which are the chief elements of revenge tragedy.

Q.41) Which literary text is the source of the term “malapropism”?

[1] The Rivals

[2] The Country Wife

[3] Love’s Last Shift

[4] Love for Love

Answer: The Rivals – Malapropism’ finds its origins in the French phrase mal a propos, which means “inappropriate.” It is the use of an incorrect word in place of a similar-sounding word, which results in a nonsensical and humorous expression.

The word ‘malapropism’ comes from “Mrs. Malaprop,” a character in Sheridan’s comedy The Rivals, who has a habit of replacing words with incorrect and absurd utterances, producing a humorous effect. A miss-speech is considered malapropism when it sounds similar to the word it replaces, but has an entirely different meaning. For instance, replacing acute with obtuse is not a malapropism because the words have contrasting meanings, but do not sound similar.

Using obtuse for abstruse, on the other hand, is a malapropism, as there is a difference in meanings, and both words sound similar. These characteristics makes malapropism different from other errors in speech, such as eggcorns and spoonerisms.

Q.42) With whom did Shakespeare collaborate to write The Two Noble Kinsmen?

[1] John Fletcher

[2] Philip Massinger.

[3] Francis Beaumont

[4] Thomas Middleton

Answer: John Fletcher – The Two Noble Kinsmen is a Jacobean tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed jointly to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare. Its plot derives from “The Knight’s Tale” in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, which had already been dramatised at least twice before. This play is believed to have been William Shakespeare’s final play before he retired to Stratford-Upon-Avon and died three years later.

Q.43) In Marlowe’s play, which university does the eponymous Doctor Faustus study at?

[1] Oxford

[2] Cambridge

[3] Heidelberg

[4] Wittenberg

Answer: Wittenberg – The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, commonly referred to simply as Doctor Faustus, is an Elizabethan tragedy by Christopher Marlowe, based on German stories about the title character Faust. It was probably written in 1592 or 1593, shortly before Marlowe’s death. Two different versions of the play were published in the Jacobean tera several years later.

In the prologue, the Chorus introduces the story of Faustus to the readers. He is described as being “base of stock”; however, his intelligence and scholarship eventually earns him the degree of a Doctor at the University of Wittenberg. During this opening, the reader also gets a first clue to the source of Faustus’s downfall. Faustus’s tale is likened to that of Icarus, who flew too close to the sun and fell to his death when the sun melted his waxen wings. This is a hint to Faustus’s end as well as bringing to the reader’s attention the idea of hubris (excessive pride), which is represented in the Icarus story and ultimately Faustus’s.

Q.44) Which of the following poets is best known for his dramatic monologues?

[1] Robert Browning

[2] Matthew Arnold

[3] G.M. Hopkins

[4] Thomas Hardy

Answer: Robert Browning – Dramatic monologue, a poem written in the form of a speech of an individual character; it compresses into a single vivid scene a narrative sense of the speaker’s history and psychological insight into his character. Though the form is chiefly associated with Robert Browning, who raised it to a highly sophisticated level in such poems as “My Last Duchess,” “The Bishop Orders His Tomb at St. Praxed’s Church,” “Fra Lippo Lippi,” and “Andrea del Sarto,” it is actually much older. Many Old English poems are dramatic monologues-for instance, “The Wanderer” and “The Seafarer.” The form is also common in folk ballads, a tradition that Robert Burns imitated with broad satiric effect in “Holy Willie’s Prayer.” Browning’s contribution to the form is one of subtlety of characterization and complexity of the dramatic situation, which the reader gradually pieces together from the casual remarks or digressions of the speaker. The subject discussed is usually far less interesting than what is inadvertently revealed about the speaker himself. In “My Last Duchess,” in showing off a painting of his late wife, an Italian aristocrat reveals his cruelty to her. The form parallels the novelistic experiments with point of view in which the reader is left to assess the intelligence and reliability of the narrator. Later poets who successfully used the form were Ezra Pound (“The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter”), T.S. Eliot (“Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”), and Robert Frost (“The Pauper Witch of Grafton”).

Q.45) In which play does the character Mosca appear?

[1] Every Man in His Humour

[2] Volpone

[3] The Alchemist

[4] Bartholomew Fair

Answer: Volpone – In a play that revolves around disguises, Mosca is the ultimate master of disguise. He is the person who continually executes Volpone’s ideas and the one who comes up with the necessary lie whenever needed. The lie could be made in order to save Volpone from the charges laid against him by Bonario and Celia or to convince Corvino to let his wife sleep with the Fox- either way Mosca seems to have no scruples about” deceit. But his most important deception is the one he effects on Volpone and the audience, hiding his true nature and intentions from both the Fox and us. In the opening acts, Mosca appears to be exactly what he is described as: a clinging, servile parasite, who only exists for Volpone and through Volpone. In other words, he exists to serve Volpone, and all that Volpone wants he wants. This impression is reinforced by several cringing speeches that he gives, all in praise of Volpone. But in Act Three, we have the beginning of what seems an assertion of self-identity by Mosca, when he begins to grow confident in his abilities. But then this confidence again is left unvoiced, and Mosca seems to go back to being Volpone’s faithful servant, helping him get out of the troublesome situation with Bonario and Celia. But it turns out that Mosca’s aid in this situation may have been motivated as much by personal interest as it was by a desire to aid Volpone, for when he is presented with an opportunity to seize Volpone’s wealth, he takes it. Mosca himself is possessed by greed, and he attempts to move out of his role as parasite-a harmless fly, circling around a great beast-to the role of great beast himself. But his attempt fails, as Volpone exposes them both. An interesting question is what significance his failure has in the context of the play and whether it is just punishment for his greed, his deceit, or his attempt to usurp the powers and privileges of the nobility and move above his social class.

Q.46) In which play does the character of Lady Wishfo appear?

[1] The Way of the World

[2] The Rivals

[3] The Old Bachelor

[4] She Stoops to Conquer

Answer: The Way of the World – Lady Wishfort in The Way of the World is a vain and foolish old lady who stubbornly refuses to act her age. Her Ladyship tries to behave like a much younger woman, but this only serves to make her look somewhat ridiculous. Lady Wishfort is, paradoxically, both devious and gullible. She spends most of the play trying to gain revenge on Mirabell, yet she is at the same time easily duped by the scheming Marwood.

Q.47) Which Shakespearean play did John Dryden adapt for his All for Love?

[1] Romeo and Juliet

[2] Antony and Cleopatra

[3] Love’s Labour’s Lost

[4] Othello

Answer: Antony and Cleopatra – All for Love; or, the World Well Lost, is a 1677 heroic drama by John Dryden which is now his best-known and most performed play. It is a tragedy written in blank verse and is an attempt on Dryden’s part to W reinvigorate serious drama. It is an acknowledged imitation of Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra, and focuses on the last hours of the lives of its hero and heroine.

Q.48) Which of the following is not a feature of Restoration comedy?

[1] witty exchange of words

[2] focus on courtship

[3] middle class morality

[4] sexual intrigue

Answer: middle class morality- “Restoration comedy” is English comedy written and performed in the Restoration period of 1660- 1710. Comedy of manners is used as a synonym for this. After public stage performances were banned for 18 years by the Puritan regime, reopening of the theatres in 1660 marked a renaissance of English drama. Sexually explicit language was encouraged by King Charles II (1660-1685) and by the rakish style of his court. Historian George Norman Clark argues:

The best-known fact about the Restoration drama is that it is immoral. The dramatists did not criticize the accepted morality about gambling, drink, love, and pleasure generally, or try, like the dramatists of our own time, to work out their own view of character and conduct. What they did was, according to their respective inclinations, to mock at all restraints. Some were gross, others delicately improper…. The dramatists did not merely say anything they liked: they also intended to glory in it and to shock those who did not like it

The socially diverse audiences included aristocrats, their servants and hangers-on and a major middle-class segment. They were attracted to the comedies by up- to-the-minute topical writing, crowded and bustling plots, introduction of the first professional actresses, and the rise of the first celebrity actors. The period saw the first professional female playwright, Aphra Behn.

Q.49) In which poem does John Donne compare lovers to “stiff twin compasses”?

[1] To Sun Rising

[2] A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

[3] The Good Morrow

[4] The Canonization

Answer: A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

Q.50) Which figure of speech does Milton employ in the phrase “darkness visible” to describe Hell?

[1] Oxymoron

[2] Antithesis

[3] Epic Simile

[4] Hyperbole

Answer: Oxymoron – A figure of speech that brings together contradictory words for effect, such as “jumbo shrimp” and “deafening silence” is called oxymoron. For instance, John Milton describes Hell as “darkness visible” in Book I of Paradise Lost.

Q.51) To which genre of writing does Milton’s Lycidas belong?

[1] Pastoral elegy

[2] Poetic drama

[3] Pastoral romance

[4] Religious sermon

Answer: Pastoral elegy- The pastoral elegy is a poem about both death and idyllic rural life. Often, the pastoral elegy features shepherds. The genre is actually a subgroup of pastoral poetry, as the elegy takes the pastoral elements and relates them to expressing grief at a loss. This form of poetry has several key features, including the invocation of the Muse, expression of the shepherd’s, or poet’s, grief, praise of the deceased, a tirade against death, a detailing of the effects of this specific death upon nature, and eventually, the poet’s simultaneous acceptance of death’s inevitability and hope for immortality. Additional features sometimes found within pastoral elegies include a procession of mourners, satirical digressions about different topics stemming from the death, and symbolism through flowers, refrains, and rhetorical questions. The pastoral elegy is typically incredibly moving and in its most classic form, it concerns itself with simple, country figures. In ordinary pastoral poems, the shepherd is the poem’s main character. In pastoral elegies, the deceased is often recast as a shepherd, despite what his role may have been in life. Further, after being recast as a shepherd, the deceased is often surrounded by classical mythology figures, such as nymphs, fauns, etc. Pastoral elegy is one of the forms of poems in Elizabethan poetry.

Eventually, pastoral poetry became popular among English poets, especially through Edmund Spenser’s “The Shepherd’s Calendar,” which was published in 1579. One of the most famous examples of pastoral poetry is John Milton’s “Lycidas.” Written in 1637, the poem is written about Edward King, a fellow student of Milton’s who had died.

Q.52) Whose death does P.B. Shelley mourn in his poem “Adonais”?

[1] Wordsworth

[2] Coleridge

[3] John Keats

[4] Byron

Answer: John Keats – Adonais, pastoral elegy by Percy Bysshe Shelley, written and published in 1821 to commemorate the death of his friend and fellow poet John Keats earlier that year.

Referring to Adonis, the handsome young man of Greek mythology who was killed by a wild boar, the title was probably taken from Bion’s Lament for Adonis, which Shelley had translated into English. Written in 55 Spenserian stanzas, Adonais is ranked with John Milton’s “Lycidas” for its purity of classical form. In it the poet mourns the death of the fair Adonais but ends by placing him among the immortals, declaring that, while elegy, meditative lyric poem lamenting the death of a public personage or of a friend or loved one; by extension, any reflective lyric on the broader theme of human mortality. In classical literature an elegy was simply any poem written in the elegiac metre (alternating lines of dactylic hexameter and pentameter) and was not restricted as to subject. Though some classical elegies were laments, many others were love poems. In some modern literatures, such as German, in which the classical elegiac metre has been adapted to the language, the term elegy refers to this metre, rather than to the poem’s content. Thus, Rainer Maria Rilke’s famous Duineser Elegien (Duino Elegies) are not laments; they deal with the poet’s search for spiritual values in an alien universe. But in English literature since the 16th century, an elegy has come to mean a poem of lamentation. It may be written in any metre the poet chooses.

Q.53) In which text have the concepts of fancy and imagination been most extensively theorized?

[1] Preface to Lyrical Ballads

[2] Biographia Literaria

[3] A Defence of Poetry

[4] Anatomy of Melancholy.

Answer:In Biographia Literaria, Coleridge comments that the difference between ‘Fancy’ and ‘Imagination’ is the same as the difference between a mechanical mixture and a chemical mixture.

Q.54) Who is acclaimed to be the first Englishwoman to make a living from writing?

[1] Margaret Cavendish

[2] Lady Mary Worth

[3] Aphra Behn

[4] Aemilia Lanyer

Answer: Aphra Behn, playwright, novelist, and poet, was the first Englishwoman to make an independent living aswriter. She was the most productive female author of the late 1600s, a period that witnessed a surge of female writers in England. Many of her works highlight the position of women in English society.

Behn lived an adventurous life. As a young woman, she traveled with her family to the South American colony of Suriname. In the 1660s, she served as a spy for the English crown. Behn gained fame as a writer by composing 16 plays for the English stage during the 1670s and 1680s. Behn’s plays are typical of the period, featuring bawdy language and sexual situations. However, her female characters are better developed than those of her male contemporaries. She also addressed serious issues, such as women’s lack of power in romantic relationships and the role of the monarchy in England.

Along with her plays, Behn penned several poems and some of England’s earliest novels. Her novel Oroonoko; or, the Royal Slave (1688) describes a slave revolt she witnessed during her visit to Suriname. It focuses on some of her favorite themes, such as the importance of honor and the evil influence of wealth. In 1688 Behn translated the book A Discovery of New Worlds, by French author Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle. This work featured a young woman who pursued scientific the studies. However, Behn noted that the author seemed to mock his main character’s intellect by making her “say a great many very silly things.”

Q.55) Who among the following is a famous diarist?

[1] Francis Bacon

[2] Colley Cibber

[3] John Bunyan

[4] Samuel Pepys

Answer:Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) was an English diarist and naval administrator. He served as administrator of the Navy of England and Member of Parliament and is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a young man. Pepys had no maritime experience, but he rose to be the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both King Charles II and King James II through patronage, diligence, and his talent for administration. His influence and reforms at the Admiralty were important in the early professionalization of the Royal Navy. The detailed private diary that Pepys kept from 1660 until 1669 was first published in the 19th century and is one of the most important primary sources for the English Restoration period. It provides a combination of personal revelation and eyewitness accounts of great events, such as the Great Plague of London, the Second Dutch War, and the Great Fire of London.

Q.56)Which of the following plays is an anti-sentimental comedy?

[1] The School for Lovers

[2] The Constant Couple

[3] The Conscious Lovers

[4] She Stoops to Conquer

Answer: She Stoops to Conquer is an ‘anti-sentimental’ comedy. Anti-Sentimental comedy is reaction against sentimental comedy. The pioneer of anti-sentimental comedy is Oliver Goldsmith, who criticized the sentimental comedy in his essay- ‘Essay on the theatre’ or ‘A comparison between Laughing and sentimental comedy’. Oliver Goldsmith writes that the true function of a comedy was to give a humorous exhibition of the follies and vices of men and women and to rectify them by exciting laughter. Goldsmith opposed sentimental comedy because in place of laughter and humour, it provided tears and distressing situations, pathetic lovers, serious heroines and honest servants. He argued that sentimental comedy was more like tragedy than a comedy. If comedy was to trespass upon tragedy where humour will have right to express itself. On two occasions and with unequal success, Goldsmith tried to revive sincere laughter on stage.

Richard Sheridan also reacted against sentimental comedy. He ridiculed the sententious moralizing of weeping sentimental comedy in his plays ‘The Rivals’ and ‘The Critic’. Anti-sentimental comedy is kind of comedy representing complex and sophisticated code of behaviour current in fashion circles of society where appearance count more than true moral character. Its plot usually revolves around intrigues of lust and greed the self-interested cynicism of the character. Being masked by pretence in these two dramatists’ comedies. As a result of the reaction of Goldsmith and Sheridan, the comedy of sentiment was driven out, gone were the pathos and morality, preaching and meddling sentimentality. Their place was taken by humour and mirth, pleasant dialogues and wit. The writers who brought about the revival of true comedy in 18th century were Henry Fielding, Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Sheridan. Anti-sentimental comedy takes us from old form of comedy, Comedy of manners, which is also called, generally for anti-sentimental comedy.

Q.57) Which metrical scheme does Milton follow in Paradise Lost?

[1]Heroic Verse

[2]Free Verse

[3]Blank Verse

[4]Terza Rima

Answer: Heroic verse – Milton first published his seminal epic poem, Paradise Lost, in 1667. A “Revised and Augmented” version, which is the one read more widely today, was published in 1674, with this following introduction. In it, Milton explains why he has chosen to compose his long poem in English heroic verse without the use of rhyme, following the models of Homer and Virgil. Milton argues that rhyme is particularly unnecessary in longer poems, and that its unquestioned use by his peers, “carried away by Custom, but much to their own vexation, hindrance, and constraint to express many things otherwise, and for the most part worst than they would have express them.” Milton sees an inflexible application of rhyme and meter as in danger of becoming rote and mathematical, and he defends the liberty he found in releasing his poem from rhyme’s limitations.

Q.58) Who coined the expression “dissociation of sensibility” to describe the separation of thought from feeling in English poetry?

[1] F.R. Leavis

[2] John Keats

[3] William Wordsworth

[4] T.S. Eliot

Answer: T.S. Eliot – Dissociation of sensibility is a literary term first used Toby T. S. Eliot in his essay “The Metaphysical Poets”. It refers to the way in which intellectual thought was separated from the experience of feeling in seventeenth century poetry.

Eliot used the term to describe the manner by which the nature and substance of English poetry changed “between the time of Donne or Lord Herbert of Cherbury and the time of Tennyson and Browning.” In this essay, Eliot attempts to define the metaphysical poet and in doing so to determine the metaphysical poet’s era as well as his discernible qualities.

Q.59) Belinda is the protagonist in which of the following poems?

[1] The Rape of the Lock

[2] The Rape of Lucrece

[3] The Dunciad

[4] MacFlecknoe

Answer: The Rape of the Lock – Pope has presented Belinda as a complex character. He has presented her in different roles and under different shades, some are satirical other ironical but all entertaining. The character of Belinda has created much controversy since the publication of the poem. Some critics consider her treatment fair while others as unfair.

There are several aspects of the personality of Belinda as portrayed by Pope in The Rape of the Lock. It will be wrong to regard her purely as a goddess, or as a pretty spoiled child, or as a flirt. She is a combination of all three and yet much more than such a combination. We see her in many different lights. We see her as a vamp, an injured innocent, a sweet charmer, a society belle, a rival of the sun, and a murderer of millions. She has a Cleopatra- like variety. However, the reality lies in between these two extremes we can discuss her character as blow.

Q.60) John Dryden’s Absalom and Achitophel is a:

[1] Heroic play

[2] Political allegory

[3] Religious tract

[4] Courtly romance

Answer: Political allegory – Absalom and Achitophel is a celebrated satirical poem by John Dryden, written in heroic couplets and first published in 1681. The poem tells the Biblical tale of the rebellion of Absalom against King David; in this context it is an allegory used to represent a story contemporary to Dryden, concerning King Charles II and the Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681). The poem also references the Popish Plot (1678) and the Monmouth Rebellion (1685).

Absalom and Achitophel is “generally acknowledged as the finest political satire in the English language”. It op is also described as an allegory regarding contemporary political events, and a mock-heroic narrative. On the title page, Dryden himself describes it simply as “a poem”.

Q.61) What is the central theme of Milton’s Areopagitica?

[1] Divorce laws

[2] Divine right of kingship

[3] Laws of inheritance

[4] Freedom of speech and expression

Answer: Freedom of speech and expression – John Milton’s Areopagitica ‘s central theme is a philosophical opposition to censorship. Milton’s purpose is best summed up in his own words: “Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.”

Q.62) What was the subject matter of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan?

[1] Political philosophy

[2] Christian doctrine

[3] Courtly love

[4] Women’s rights

Answer: Political philosophy – Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588- 1679) and published in 1651. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Written during the English Civil War (1642-1651), it argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature (“the war of all against all”) could be avoided only by strong, undivided government.

Q.63) What narrative technique does James Joyce adopt in Ulysses?

[1] Third person omniscient

[2] Dramatic monologue

[3] Stream of consciousness

[4] Free indirect discourse

Answer: Stream of consciousness – Joyce’s Ulysses has been famous for his stylistic experimentation and innovation that is a stream of consciousness technique. He has used multiple narratives extensively along with the shifts in each new episode of the novel.

To show ironic contrast between the futile and the exhausted modern world and the glorious era of ancient Greece, James Joyce gave a framework of the Odyssey of Homer to his masterpiece. Leopold Bloom is Stephen, who is the spiritual son of Bloom is linked to Ulysses’s son, Telemachus and Molly represents Ulysses’s wife, Penelope. Homer’s Odyssey has 18 episodes and Ulysses maintains the same number of episodes.

The characters in Ulysses have their own problems and they have an unbroken flow of perceptions, feelings and thoughts in waking mind. The mental process of character is vividly shown through stream of consciousness technique. The characters talk to themselves in mind and they can’t control the continuous flow of ideas and thoughts. Through this technique, a character’s personality, his past, his relations, problems and present status and condition are easily exposed to the readers. For example: in “Lestrygonian” episode, Leopold Bloom saunters through Dublin observing and musing.

“Pineapple rock, lemon platt, butter scotch. A sugar- sticky girl shoveling scoopful of creams for a Christian brother. Some school treat. Bad for their tummies.

In ‘Proteus’ episode Joyce leads us to the inner mental thought of Stephen where he vividly defines the sight, sound, taste, smell and touch in relation to the outer world. Various past memories related to his school life, youth, manhood, his ambition to be a writer, sexual passion during youth and inconclusive and uncertain past life start to flow like a stream in his mind.

The final monologue of Molly Bloom in the ‘Penelope’ chapter is one of the salient instances of Joyce’s use of stream of consciousness technique. The readers enter into the flowing mind of Molly and Molly’s mind travels back on the varieties of subjects such as her girlhood, her courtship with Bloom, Stephen Dedalus as a sentimental lover, Blazes Boylan, and the mysteries and pleasures of sexuality.

In this way Joyce uses the stream of consciousness technique as a narrative technique so as to explore the mental and inner truth of all the characters.

Q.64) Which of the following is an epistolary novel?

[1] Pamela

[2] Moll Flanders

[3] Tristram Shandy

[4] The Vicar of Wakefield

Answer: Pamela

Q.65) In which of the following novels does the character of Becky Sharp appear?

[1] Hard Times

[2] Barchester Towers

[3] The Way of All Flesh

[4] Vanity Fair

Answer: Vanity Fair – Becky Sharp, fictional character, an amoral adventuress in William Makepeace Thackeray’s Vanity Fair (1847-48), a novel of the Regency period (roughly the second decade of the 19th century) in England. She has been considered one of the most vivid characters in English literature.

Vanity Fair, novel of early 19th-century English bar society by William Makepeace Thackeray, published serially in monthly installments from 1847 to 1848 and in book form in 1848. Thackeray’s previous writings had been published either unsigned or under pseudonyms; Vanity Fair was the first work he published under his own name. The novel takes its title from the place designated as the centre of human corruption in John Bunyan’s 17th-century allegory Pilgrim’s Progress. The book is a densely populated multilayered panorama of manners and human frailties; subtitled A Novel Without a Hero, Vanity Fair metaphorically represents the human condition.

Q.66) Which of the following statements is not true of romanticism in 19th century English literature?

[1] There was a renewal of interest in medieval folklores and myths

[2] Individual feeling and expression gained precedence over norms of social decorum

[3] There was a revival of classical genres and forms of writing

[4] There was a foregrounding of the supernatural and the sublime in poetry and fiction

Answer: There was a revival of classical genres and forms of writing

Q.67) Which group of poets did John Ruskin criticise using the term “pathetic fallacy”?

[1] Renaissance poets

[2] Metaphysical poets

[3] Neoclassical poets

[4] Romantic poets

Answer: Romantic poets – The phrase pathetic fallacy is a literary term for the attribution of human emotion and conduct to things found in nature that are not human. It is a kind of personification that occurs in poetic descriptions, when, for example, clouds seem sullen, when leaves dance, or when rocks seem indifferent. The British cultural critic John Ruskin coined the term in Volume 3 of his work, Modern Painters (1856).

Ruskin coined the term “pathetic fallacy” to attack the sentimentality that was common to the poetry of the late 18th century, and which was rampant among poets including Burns, Blake, Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats.

Q.68) Whose novels are set in the semi-fictional region of Wessex?

[1] George Eliot

[2] Elizabeth Gaskell

[3] Thomas Hardy

[4] Charlotte Bronte

Answer: Thomas Hardy – Thomas Hardy’s Wessex is the fictional literary landscape created by the English author Thomas Hardy as the setting for his major novels, located in the south and southwest of England, Hardy named the area “Wessex” after the medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom that existed in this part of that country prior to the unification of England by Athelstan. Although the places that appear in his novels actually exist, n many cases he gave the place a fictional name. For example, Hardy’s home town of Dorchester is called Casterbridge in his books, notably in The Mayor of Casterbridge. In an 1895 preface to the 1874 novel Far From the Madding Crowd he described Wessex as “a merely realistic dream country”.

Q.69) Who among the following is most commonly associated with personal essays?

[1] Joseph Addison

[2] Richard Steele

[3] William Hazlitt

[4] Charles Lamb

Answer: Charles Lamb

Q.70) Which poem ends with the words “ignorant armies clash by right”?

[1] Strange Meeting

[2] The Charge of the Light Brigade

[3] Dover Beach

[4] The Soldier

Answer: Dover Beach

Q.71) Whose philosophical ideas had a formative influence on absurdist literature?

[1] Michel Foucault

[2] Albert Camus

[3] Ernst Mach

[4] Bertrand Russell

Answer: Albert Camus

Q.72) Who among the following is best known for the use of the literary technique ofepiphany?

[1] James Joyce

[2] D.H. Lawrence

[3] Ezra Pound

[4] Wolfgang von Goethe

Answer: James Joyce – Author James Joyce first borrowed the religious term “Epiphany” and adopted it into a profane literary context in Stephen Hero (1904-1906), an early version of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

Q.73) Who first propounded the concept of “world literature”?

[1] Northrop Frye

[2] Jurgen Habermas

[3] Graham Greene

[4] H.G. Wells

Answer: H.G. Wells – Johann Wolfgang Goethe used the concept of Weltliteratur (world literature) in several of his essays in the early decades of the nineteenth century to describe the international circulation and reception of literary works in Europe, including works of non- Western origin. The concept achieved wide currency after his disciple Johann Peter Eckermann published a collection of conversations with Goethe in 1835. Goethe spoke with Eckermann about the excitement of reading Chinese novels and Persian and Serbian poetry as well as of his fascination with seeing how his own works were translated and discussed abroad, especially in France. He made a famous statement in January 1827, predicting that world literature would replace the national literature as the major mode of literary creativity in the future:

I am more and more convinced that poetry is the universal possession of mankind, revealing itself everywhere and at all times in hundreds and hundreds of men. … I therefore like to look about me in foreign nations, and advise everyone to do the same. National literature is now a rather unmeaning term; the epoch of world literature is at hand, and everyone must strive to hasten its approach.

Q.74) Which narrative elements do practitioners of archetypal criticism focus on?

[1]Myths and symbols

[2] Figures of speech

[3] Authorial intent

[4] Point of view

Answer: Myths and symbols

Q.75) Who among the following was not a part of the Aesthetic Movement?

[1] Oscar Wilde

[2] D.G. Rossetti

[3] A.C. Swinburne

[4] William Morris

Answer: A.C. Swinburne – Aestheticism (also the Aesthetic Movement) was an art movement in the late 19th century which privileged the aesthetic value of literature, music and the arts over their socio-political functions. According to Aestheticism, art should be produced to be beautiful, rather than to serve a moral, allegorical, or other didactic purpose, a sentiment exemplified by the slogan “art for art’s sake.” Aestheticism originated in 1860s England with a radical group of artists and designers, including William Morris and Dante Rossetti. It flourished in the 1870s and 1880s, gaining prominence and the support of notable writers such as Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde.

Aestheticism challenged the values of mainstream Victorian culture, as many Victorians believed that literature and art fulfilled important ethical roles. Writing in The Guardian, Fiona McCarthy states that “the aesthetic movement stood in stark and sometimes shocking contrast to the crass materialism of Britain in the 19th century.”

Aestheticism was named by the critic Walter Hamilton in The Aesthetic Movement in England in 1882. By the 1890s, decadence, a term with origins in common with aestheticism, was in use across Europe.

Q.76) Which among the following is most crucially based on concepts of Saussurean linguistics?

[1] New Criticism

[2] Structuralism.

[3] Reader-response criticism

[4] Marxism

Answer: Structuralism

Q.77) Who among the following was not a member of the Bloomsbury Group?

[1] Virginia Woolf

[2] James Joyce

[3] E.M. Forster

[4] Clive Bell

Answer: James Joyce – The “Bloomsbury Group” consists of a group of English writers, thinkers, and artists who met in the Bloomsbury district of London. The Bloomsbury group included E.M. Forster, Clive Bell, John Maynard Keynes, and Virginia Woolf.

Q.78) Whose famous slogan “Make it New” represents modernist aesthetics?

[1] Ezra Pound

[2] T.S. Eliot

[3] James Joyce

[4] Virginia Woolf

Answer: Ezra Pound – ‘Make It New’ refers to Ezra Pound’s (1885-1972) modernist imperative and his 1934 collection of essays of the same name. This slogan compels the writer to create out of the material of art work that is distinctively innovative. The artist must break with the formal and contextual standards of their contemporaries in making works fundamentally individual. These ‘new’ modern works cannot be wholly autonomous, however, as they must consider the aesthetics of the past in the context of the present moment.

Q.79) To which category does John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger belong?

[1] Poetic drama

[2] Theatre of cruelty

[3] Musical drama

[4] Kitchen sink drama

Answer: Kitchen sink drama – The play “Look Back in Anger” was written in the 1950s by British playwright John Osborne. The play’s main characters are a married couple and their two friends in the central part of England called the Midlands.

The play is a drama that emerged during the kitchen sink realism movement, which usually featured some angry young man disillusioned with the society he lives in.

Q.80) Which of the following statements about post modernism is not true?

[1] Postmodernism questions the objective nature of science and history

[2]Postmodernism emphasizes the transparency of language as a medium of communication

[3] Postmodernism contests the universal role played by rationality in constituting human knowledge

[4] Postmodernism foregrounds the contingent, self-referential nature of ‘truth’

Answer: Postmodernism foregrounds the contingent, self-referential nature of ‘truth’

Q.81) Who among the following writers is associated with magic realism?

[1] Garcia Marquez

[2] John Steinbeck

[3] Emile Zola

[4] Anthony Burgess

Answer: Garcia Marquez – Magic realism (also known as magical realism or marvellous realism) is a 20th-century style of fiction and literary genre. The term was influenced by a German painting style of the 1920s given the same e name. As a literary fiction style, magic realism paints a realistic view of the world while also adding magical elements, often dealing with the blurring of the lines between fantasy and reality. Magical realism, perhaps the most common term, often refers to literature in particular, with magical or supernatural phenomena presented in an otherwise real-world or mundane setting, commonly found in novels and dramatic performances.

Irene Guenther (1995) tackles the German roots of the term, and how an earlier magic realist art is related to a later magic realist literature; meanwhile, magical realism is often associated with Latin-American literature especially in Colombia, including founders of the genre, particularly the authors María Luisa Bombal, Gabriel García Márquez, Isabel Allende, Jorge Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo, Miguel Ángel Asturias, Elena Garro, Mireya Robles, Rómulo Gallegos and Arturo Uslar Pietri. In English literature, its chief exponents include Neil Gaiman, Salman Rushdie, Alice Hoffman, Nick Joaquin, and Nicola Barker. In Bengali literature, prominent writers of magic realism include Nabarun Bhattacharya, Akhteruzzaman Elias, Shahidul Zahir, Jibanananda Das and Syed Waliullah. In Japanese literature, one of the most important authors of this genre is Haruki Murakami. In Polish literature, magic realism is represented by Olga Tokarczuk, the 2018 Nobel Prize laureate in Literature.

Q.82) Holden Caulfield is the protagonist of which novel?

[1] Catch 22

[2] To Kill a Mockingbird

[3] The Catcher in the Rye.

[4] The Great Gatsby

Answer: The Catcher in the Rye – Holden Morrissey Caulfield is a fictional character in author J. D. Salinger’s 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye. Since the book’s publication, Holden has become an icon for teenage rebellion and angst, and is considered among the most important characters of 20th-century American literature. The name Holden on Caulfield was used in an unpublished short story written in 1941 and first appeared in print in 1945.

Q.83) Who among the following has won the Nobel Prize for literature?

[1] Chinua Achebe

[2] Ben Okri

[3] Nadine Gordimer

[4] Ngugiwa Thiong’o

Answer: Nadine Gordimer – Nadine Gordimer (1923-2014) was a South African writer and political activist. She received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1991, recognized as a writer “who through her magnificent epic writing has been of very great benefit to humanity”.

Gordimer’s writing dealt with moral and racial issues, particularly apartheid in South Africa. Under that Jun regime, works such as Burger’s Daughter and July’s People were banned. She was active in the anti- apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress during the days when the organization was banned, and gave Nelson Mandela advice on his famous 1964 defence speech at the trial which led to his conviction for life: She was also active in HIV/ AIDS causes.

Q.84) Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale is a:

[1] Dystopian novel

[2] Beast Fable

[3] Crime thriller

[4] Fictional autobiography

Answer: Dystopian novel – The Handmaid’s Tale, acclaimed dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, published in 1985. The book, set in New England in the near future, posits a Christian fundamentalist theocratic regime in the former United States that arose as a response to a fertility crisis.

Q.85) Which of the following books has not been banned by governments?

[1] Lady Chatterley’s Lover

[2] Lolita

[3] The Satanic Verses

[4] The Bell Jar

Answer: The Bell Jar

Q.86) “Of Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit/Of that Forbidden Tree, whose Mortal taste/Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,” The citation is from:

[1] The Waste Land

[2] Paradise Lost

[3] Hamlet

[4] Faerie Queene

Answer: Paradise Lost

Q.87) Which poetic form does Vikram Seth use in his novel The Golden Gate?

[1] Epic

[2] Lyric

[3] Ballad

[4] Sonnet

Answer: Sonnet

Q.88) What is the historical setting of Amitav Ghosh’s Ibis trilogy?

[1] 19th century Indo-Chinese opium trade

[2] Early 20th century Indian freedom movement

[3] Communal violence during the partition.

[4] Late 18th century decline of the Mughal empire

Answer: 19th century Indo-Chinese opium trade – The Ibis trilogy is a work of historical fiction by Indian writer Amitav Ghosh. The story is set in the first half of the 19th century. It deals with lead-up to the First Opium War, involving the trade of opium between India and China run by the East India Company and the trafficking of coolies to Mauritius. It comprises Sea of Poppies (2008), River of Smoke (2011), and Flood of Fire (2015).

The trilogy gets its names from the ship Ibis, on board which most of the main characters meet for the first time. The Ibis starts from Calcutta carrying indentured servants and convicts destined for Mauritius, but runs into a storm and faces a mutiny. Two other ships are caught in the same storm-the Anahita, a vessel carrying opium to Canton, and the Redruth, which is on a botanical expedition, also to Canton. While some of the passengers of the Ibis reach their destination in Mauritius, others find themselves in Hong Kong and and get caught up in events that lead to the First Opium War.

The novels depict a range of characters from different Bu cultures, including Bihari peasants, Bengali Zamindars, Parsi businessmen, Cantonese boat people, British traders and officials, a Cornish botanist, and a mulatto sailor. In addition to their native tongues, the novels also introduce the readers to various pidgins,” including the original Chinese Pidgin English and variants spoken by the lascars.

Q.89) Which was the first book written by an Indian in English?

[1] Travels of Dean Mohamed

[2] Rajmohan’s Wife

[3] The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian

[4] Savitri

Answer:Rajmohan’s Wife, published in 1864 by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (1838-94), is generally regarded as the first Indian novel in English, significant not only because its author was the greatest Bengali novelist of the nineteenth century but also because it speaks to an emergent genre in the literature of colonial modernity.

Q.90) Salim Sinai is the protagonist of which Indian English novel?

[1] Train to Pakistan

[2] The Shadow Lines

[3] A Suitable Boy

[4] Midnight’s Children

Answer: Midnight’s Children – Saleem Sinai is the protagonist of the Booker Prize- winning novel Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie. His life is closely intertwined with the events that take place in his homeland of pre- and post- colonial India, and newly created Pakistan and Bangladesh (East Bengal). He is born at the moment in time when India and Pakistan emerge from British rule and lives during the new tumultuous struggles that engulf the new nations following 15 August 1947. Sinai embodies these physical struggles and rifts during, and serves as a metaphor for, the spiritual, religious, political and intellectual traumas of the young nations.

Q.91) Which of the following novels is a modern retelling of the Mahabharata?

[1] Family Matters

[2] The Great Indian Novel

[3] The Serpent and the Rope

[4] The Glass Palace

Answer:The Great Indian Novel is a satirical novel by Shashi Tharoor, first published by Viking Press in 1989. It is a fictional work that takes the story of the Mahabharata, the Indian epic, and recasts and resets it in the context of the Indian Independence Movement and the first three decades post-independence. Figures from Indian history are transformed into characters from mythology, and the mythical story of India is retold as a history of Indian independence and subsequent history, up through the 1970s. Some critics have identified an element of subversion in the novel. The work includes numerous puns and allusions to famous works about India, such as those by Rudyard Kipling, Paul Scott, and E. M. Forster.

Q.92) Which author is the namesake of the titular character in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake?

[1] Leo Tolstoy

[2] Maxim Gorky

[3] Nikolai Gogol

[4] Vladimir Nabokov

:Nikolai Gogol

Q.93) Which of the following plays deals with the dilemma of Indian authors who choose the write in English?

[1] Final Solutions

[2] Broken Images

[3] Hayavadana

[4] Dance Like a Man

Answer: Final Solutions

Q.94) Who is the author of The Country Without a Post Office?

[1] Robin Ngangom

[2] Adil Jussawalla

[3] Agha Shahid Ali

[4] Imtiaz Dharker

Answer: Agha Shahid Ali – The Country Without a Post Office (1997) is a collection of poems written by the Kashmiri-American poet Agha Shahid Ali. The title poem, which has become a symbol for freedom, is one of the most famous about Kashmir. In the decades since its publication, under renewed conflict and censorship in the region, it has been cited by politicians, protestors, academics and journalists. The collection brought Ali critical acclaim, universal praise and a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Q.95) Who among the following has not won the Booker Prize?

[1] Arundhati Roy

[2] Jhumpa Lahiri

[3] Salman Rushdie

[4] Aravind Adiga

Answer: Jhumpa Lahiri

Q.96) Who is the first Indian poet to win the Sahitya Akademi award for English poetry?

[1] Keki N. Daruwalla

[2] Nissim Ezekiel

[3] Jayanta Mahapatra

[4] Kamala Das

Answer: Jayanta Mahapatra

Q.97) Who is the author of the essay. “Is There an Indian Way of Thinking”?

[1] A.K. Ramanujan

[2] Meenakshi Mukherjee

[3] Nirad C. Chaudhuri

[4] Nayantara Sehgal

Answer: A.K. Ramanujan – In his informal essay titled “Is there an Indian way of thinking?”, A.K. Ramanujan starts off by exploring four possible interpretations of this central question using the Stanislavski an exercise for actors which involves asking the question differently each time, emphasizing a different keyword “is”, “an”, “Indian” and “thinking”. He then illustrates the central characteristic, “inconsistency” and the inherent hypocrisy of Indian thinking, through the example of his father who is adept at Mathematics and Astronomy while simultaneously being a Sanskrit scholar and Astrologer. How his father could resolve these distinct ways of thinking astounded a young Ramanujan and inspires him to probe this question further.

He then proceeds to cite accounts of the work of various European scholars who have described the peculiar Indian character to be inconsistent in logic, entirely missing the concept of self and lacking in any understanding of universality. Having presented these external views, Ramanujan, from his position as a linguist, goes on to forward a formulation to explain bar cultural tendencies in terms of the context-sensitive and the context-free ways of thinking. He also shares his observations about the counter movements in context-sensitive and context-free cultures. He concludes by noting how India’s modernization can be viewed as a movement from a context-sensitive to context-free culture of thought.

Q.98) Which poem the following lines are from: “I speak three languages, write in/Two, dream in one”?

[1] Small Scale Reflections on a Great House

[2] Elements of Composition

[3] An Introduction

[4] The Professor

Answer: An Introduction – The lines ‘i am Indian, very brown, born in Malabar, i speak three languages, write in two, dream in one’ are from the poem ‘An Introduction’ by Kamala Das.

In these lines the poetess celebrates her rich Indian culture and heritage. She says that she is very brown’ which shows that she is a native of India. She can speak three languages – her mother tongue, English and Hindi and write two languages her native language and English. However, she can dream in only one language as dreams have a universal language. – These lines also show that she is well-educated and at par with any educated man.

Q.99) Which of the following authors does not employ popular Indian myths in his fiction?

[1] Amish Tripathi

[2] Devdutt Pattnaik

[3] Ashwin Sanghi

[4] Vikram Chandra

Answer: Amish Tripathi

Q.100) Which of the following “rasas” is not included in Natyashastra?

[1] Karuna

[2] Sringara

[3]Bhakti

[4] Bibhatsya

Answer: Bhakti

Natyashastra is an ancient Indian discourse on theatre with details about performing arts, theatrical techniques, dance and music. It is believed to have been written during the period between 200 BC and 200 AD in classical India and is attributed to the Sage Bharata. The work is an elaborate treatise on dramatic criticism and acting ever written in any language and is regarded as the oldest surviving text on stagecraft in the world. Bharata in his Natyashastra discusses components or constituent elements of every aspect of stagecraft and their effects on human mind whilst covering areas like music, stage-design, make up, dance and virtually every aspect of drama. With its theoretical approach and wider scope, the Natyashastra has added a remarkable dimension to the growth and development of Indian classical music, classical dance, drama and art. As regards drama or ‘Natya’, Bharata provides extensive description about the genres of drama, plot structure, Characters and their types and doctrine of bhava and rasa.

According to Bharata, “Rasa is so called because it is capable of being tasted (asvadvate).”

As to the number of Rasa, Bharata acknowledges only eight kinds- “astau natya rasah smrtah.” According to him, there are eight fundamental feelings or mental states referred to as Sthayibhavas which can be experienced by human beings. These are: Delight (Rati), Laughter (Hasya), Sorrow (Soka), Anger (Krodha), Heroism (Utsaha), Fear (Bhaya), Disgust (Jugupsa), and Wonder (Vismaya). Corresponding to these mental states are eight Rasas: the Erotic (srngara), the Comic (Hasya) the Pathetic (Karuna), the Furious (Raudra), the Heroic (Vira), the Terrible (Bhayanaka), the Odious (Bibhatasa), and the Marvellous (Adbhuta). These Rasas arise out of four basic or original ones. Thus, the Comic arises from the Erotic, the Pathetic from the Terrible, the Sublime from the Heroic and the Horrible from the Odious. Bharata also assigns colours and presiding deities to these Rasas- the erotic is light green, the comic white, the pathetic ash-coloured, the terrible red, the heroic light-orange, the horrible black, the odious blue and finally, the sublime is yellow. Vishnu is the God of the ‘Erotic’, Pramathas (the Ganas of the Mahadeva) of the ‘Comic’, Rudra of the ‘Terrible’, Yama of the ‘Pathetic’, Siva of the ‘Odious’, Kaladeva of the ‘Horrible’, Indra of the ‘Heroic’, and the ‘Brahman’ is the presiding deity of the ‘Sublime’.